液压阻尼孔的宽温度范围流动特性试验研究

研制一种适合对各种液压孔口或缝隙进行高低温流体力学试验的新型试验装置，运用该装置对具有不同几何参数的液压阻尼孔进行在-50~80℃宽温度范围内的流动特性试验，研究以普通抗磨液压油HM46和低温抗凝减振器油TITAN SAF 5045为工质及其温度变化时对液压阻尼孔流量-压力特性曲线、幂指数和流量系数的影响，研究表明，在低温条件下，液压阻尼孔的流量系数均因油液黏度增大、流动性变差而呈线性下降的趋势，从宏观上看，HM46通过液压阻尼孔时的流动稳定性较差，其对应流量系数的下降幅度明显大于TITAN SAF 5045对应的下降幅度，厚壁小孔流量系数的下降幅度明显大于薄壁小孔对应的下降幅度。研究所获得的新型试验装置、试验数据分析方法和具体理论公式为深入研究和优化现代液压元件在宽温度范围内的动态性能提供新型试验平台与理论基础。     

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy algorithm applied to predict and control multi-phase flow rates through wellhead chokes

A Takagi-Sugeno adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (TSFIS) model is developed and applied to a dataset of wellhead flow-test data for the Resalat oil field located offshore southern Iran, the objective is to assist in the prediction and control of multi-phase flow rates of oil and gas through the wellhead chokes. For this purpose, 182 test data points (Appendix 1) related to the Resalat field are evaluated. In order to predict production flow rate (Q_L) expressed as stock-tank barrels per day (STB/D), this dataset includes four selected input variables: upstream pressure (Pwh); wellhead choke sizes (D64); gas to liquid ratio (GLR); and, base solids and water including some water-soluble oil emulsion (BS&W). The test data points evaluated include a wide range of oil flow rate conditions and values for the four input variables recorded. The TSFIS algorithm applied involves five data processing steps: a) pre-processing, b) fuzzification, c) rules base and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference engine, d) defuzzification, and e) post-processing of the fuzzy model. The developed TSFIS model for the Resalat oil field database predicted oil flow rate to a high degree of accuracy (root mean square error = 247 STB/D, correlation coefficient = 0.9987), which improves substantially on the commonly used empirical algorithms used for such predictions. TSFIS can potentially be applied in wellhead choke fuzzy controllers to stabilize flow in specific wells based on real-time input data records.     

三液相酶催化体系水解橄榄油的研究

采用三液相酶催化体系水解橄榄油,考察构成三液相体系的物质对酶的影响;考察了硫酸铵的含量和PEG400的含量对酶的分配分数、回收率及催化效率的影响,研究了中下相与油的体积比对水解橄榄油的影响,并初步探究了三液相体系水解橄榄油的微观液滴结构。结果表明:在酶添加量142.5 U/g、硫酸铵含量15%、PEG400含量28%、中下相与油的体积比3∶1、转速200 r/min条件下,酶的分配系数达到28.28,酶的回收率达99.65%,水解24 h后,脂肪酸含量达98.17%,在对照(油水体系)中,相同条件下产生的脂肪酸含量仅为42.06%。显微镜下液滴观察结果表明,三液相体系中独特的液滴结构可能是该体系优于油水两相体系的原因。     

油封唇口温度变化对密封性能的影响

基于流量因子统计学方法建立油封唇口的混合流体润滑模型,耦合油封的能量守恒方程及黏温方程,通过迭代求解获得油封唇口的温度分布、不同转速下油封唇口的最高温度及温差变化情况;对比分析考虑和不考虑温差情况下油封各项密封性能。结果表明:随着转速的增大,唇口最高温度线性递增,而唇口温差先增大后减小;油封工作时,唇口区域的温度先迅速升高后下降,越靠近唇尖的位置温度越高;与不考虑温度的情况比较,考虑温度变化的影响时密封区域的油膜厚度减小,油膜承载力下降,不利于密封。     

Impact of β-glucan on debittering,bioaccessibility and storage stability of skim milk fortified with shrimp oil nanoliposomes

Shrimp oil was encapsulated in nanoliposomes and fortified into skim milk. Shrimp oil nanoliposomes (SONL) were thermodynamically stable when added into skim milk at 10 mL 100 mL⁻¹. Mild bitterness in fortified skim milk caused by the SONL was masked by adding β-glucan at various levels (0.05–0.2 g 100 mL⁻¹). With the addition of SONL, fortified skim milk appeared more reddish in colour due to the presence of astaxanthin. Addition of β-glucan resulted in the increase in viscosity of the fortified milk by forming network of junction zones. During the storage of skim milk fortified with SONL and 0.1 g 100 mL⁻¹ β-glucan at 4 °C for 15 days, no major quality changes took place. Simulated in vitro digestion studies revealed that 45.41 g 100 g⁻¹ eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 48.86 g 100 g⁻¹ docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from shrimp oil were bioaccessible for absorption in the gut after digestion.     

考虑结构动态变形的缸套-活塞环润滑建模分析

缸套在燃烧冲击和活塞敲击激励下会产生接近表面粗糙度的动态变形,极有可能影响缸套-活塞环组件间的摩擦润滑过程。为了研究缸套动态变形潜在的影响,将动力学仿真获取的缸套内表面的动态变形经过处理后导入到润滑模型中,同时采用数值积分计算的方式对油液压力应力因子和剪切应力因子进行实时计算求解,使仿真计算更加符合实际情况。通过搭建同时考虑缸套变形与油液剪切特性影响的改进润滑模型,计算得到整个工作循环内活塞环上的最小油膜厚度和摩擦力曲线。结果表明:考虑缸套动态变形后的最小油膜厚度和摩擦力曲线出现了明显的波动,而且考虑缸套动态变形后的摩擦力比未考虑之前出现了明显下降。     

[可靠性建模及试验技术]重型机床液压元件油液污染退化量分布剖面可靠性建模

针对重型机床液压系统故障频繁且多与油液中的固态颗粒污染物相关的问题，进行了油液污染趋势变化试验。通过时域分析获得了油样颗粒数的有量纲和量纲一参数，通过Q-Q图和K-S检验分析有量纲参数，污染颗粒数是退化量服从正态分布的退化数据。进行了油液污染与环境相关性分析试验，采用相关系数法分析得到，颗粒数变化量与一定范围内的温度、流量、压力的相关性小；将液压元件分为管路、阀、过滤器三类，用直径5 μm左右的颗粒和直径大于15 μm的颗粒分别研究管路及阀件的堵塞和磨损情况，以过滤器过滤精度大小的颗粒研究过滤器的堵塞情况，设定ISO4406标准20/17级对应的颗粒数为阈值，利用退化量分布建立了液压元件单一故障模式的可靠性模型；利用竞争失效模型将上述模型融合为多故障模式下的可靠性模型。